Amazon Protects Against Fraud With Multi-Factor Authentication

Amazon.com has not only become the largest online bookstore, but is also a multinational ecommerce company. The company has been spreading its reach like branches of a river while supplying goods to countries across the world. Amazon.com started off by profiting from being an online book brokering system and later offering many products. Amazon.com grew its business through online associates in the form of users.
When scaling a company by having users contributing to both ends of business, buying and selling, fraudulent and malicious activities become inevitable. Amazon did not become one of the largest ecommerce websites in the world by lacking in security though. In 2009, Amazon started to offer multi-factor authentication to protect its users against fraud. They now offer free identification through any mobile device or computer which can run a Time-Based One-Time Password application. They also offer paid multi-factor authentication through a third party proprietary authentication token from Gemalto which is supposed to offer higher security.
Free Amazon Multi-Factor Authentication
If you are able to run a time-based one-time password application on your smart phone, tablet or computer you can utilize the free AWS MFA process. Using this method, when you log into your account with your traditional username and password, a token will be delivered to the application. The token is a one-time password that is generated from an out-of-band network separate from the user's login network which reduces the chances of man in the middle attacks and makes the authentication process more secure.
Gemalto Multi-Factor Authentication
To increase security even further, Amazon's users may pay for service through Gemalto which offers a keyfob device for authentication. Amazon states Gemalto's third part proprietary token device offers better security than the free process. After the RSA hard token breaches, many people are skeptical about the proprietary OTP token's security.
Secure Cloud Computing
Amazon, like many companies, is run on a cloud of servers which allows remote access of data to many users at once. Amazon.com and its cloud network offer financial information to its publishers so they can track their earnings. A publisher's user account could display earnings and options for payment to the user. This is one of the reasons why the need for authentication security using a multi-factor process was necessary.
One of the most secure forms of protection for any company storing data on the cloud is by using an out-of-band, multi-factor authentication process which Amazon has implemented. This is especially true for ecommerce websites which may be storing financial data and personal information belonging to thousands of users. This added layer of security could be the very reason why the multinational electronic commerce corporation has not been present on recent data breach lists.
2011 was the year of data breaches and more companies are becoming like Amazon and are starting to utilize cloud computing. Will these companies follow suit to provide better protection and privacy to their users that are accessing information on the cloud or will there be a bigger data breach list containing more corporations in 2012? Companies utilizing the cloud to store and access information need to add additional layers of security to protect the information and the best way for them to do that is to utilize multi factor authentication.

Adam is a network security professional who believes out-of-band authentication is the most secure form of two factor authentication utilizing a one-time password. He writes to inform businesses about upcoming changes to government regulatory compliance and remote access security.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Adam_Quart

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No-Fault Divorce in New York

New York has finally enacted a no-fault divorce law. It was the last American state to do so and legal practitioners are still absorbing the changes. Proponents of the new law were required to pay a political price by agreeing to the simultaneous enactment of some new financial rules.
While the no-fault element of the new legislation grabbed all of the headlines, it is the new financial rules that have had the most impact. These changes relate to temporary spousal maintenance, modification of child support orders and counsel fees.
No more grounds trials in New York divorce cases
The new law adds "irretrievable breakdown of the marriage" for a period of at least six months as a seventh ground for divorce in New York. It may be asserted by only one spouse, even over the objection of the other.
Previously a defendant could delay or even block a divorce case by contesting the divorce grounds, thereby requiring a "grounds trial" before any of the economic or custody issues could be heard, let alone finally resolved. The opportunity to pursue such tactics has now disappeared. Indeed, New York courts have since ruled that there can be no trial of the issue of whether the marriage has, in fact, "irretrievably" broken down.
This means, much to the chagrin of a legion of Brooklyn gumshoes, that divorce lawyers in New York no longer need to routinely prove that the defendant was guilty of "cruel and inhuman treatment" of such severity that medical attention was required on two separate occasions or on-the-scene evidence of adultery witnessed by a third party.
Spouses who are desperate to be freed from the bonds of matrimony (just so that they become so bound once again) need no longer move from New York to the New Jersey shore for a year in order to satisfy the New Jersey jurisdictional law. Nor must they use financial resources to persuade their soon-to-be-ex-spouses to accept the allegations of cruelty, abandonment or adultery in a New York divorce petition.
Now New York has a distinction that it usually works very hard to avoid. It's basically just like the rest of America! - but only as far as the grounds for divorce are concerned.
Temporary or interim maintenance
The new legislation completely changes temporary spousal support in New York, while leaving permanent support untouched. It establishes a new formula to determine the amount of interim spousal maintenance ("temporary alimony") for the period during which a divorce case is pending.
The old law merely provided a laundry list of factors that a court should consider when determining temporary spousal support. This provided little predictability and encouraged heavy and expensive motion practice. The new law provides the courts with a mathematical standard that they should presumptively apply in every case.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6850598

New York's No-Fault Law

The old law was focused primarily on the needs of the parties, especially the party in need. The new law changes this completely. Interim spousal support is now intended to reduce the gap between the incomes of the respective spouses, rather than merely address a spouse's needs. It was certainly the hope and the expectation of women's groups that this would create more generous awards.
Simply put, under the new law a spouse who has less than two-thirds of the income of the other spouse is automatically entitled to monthly interim spousal support to reduce the income gap between the two spouses. Specifically, the statute requires the court to set temporary maintenance as either (i) 30% of the moneyed spouse's income less 20 percent of the non-moneyed spouse's income or (ii) 40% of the couple's combined income less the non-moneyed spouse's income, whichever is lower.
The court may deviate from the formula if the result would be "unjust and inappropriate" but only if the court explains its reasons in writing and makes specific reference to a "laundry list" of 17 factors that it must consider in doing so. The authors of the statute seem to have intended to appeal to the natural inclination of busy judges to apply the arithmetical formula in most cases rather than writing lengthy opinions that might then be subject to appellate review.
This creates a significant problem because the statutory formula is extremely simple while the real life of families is invariably far more complex. The formula does not factor in child support issues or the payment of household expenses. It is not integrated with the statutory provisions for child support. It makes no provision for medical insurance or housing. It operates independently of the division of marital property which does not take place in New York until the conclusion of a divorce case.
The unfairness of a purely arithmetical approach is well illustrated by one early case. The husband earned $156,000 a year and the wife only earned $33,000.The statutory formula for temporary spousal support on top of the husband's obligation for child support would have left the husband with income of only one-half of his wife's and he would have been unable to maintain the matrimonial residence. The trial judge chose to deviate from the statutory formula to avoid what he perceived as an unfair result but he was required to explain his reasons for doing so in substantial detail. Given the volume of cases before the courts the question arises as to how many judges will, indeed, do so. Certainly the number of reported cases of such deviations has been extremely modest.
The statutory calculation applies only on the first $500,000 of income. For income above that the court is required to consider the 17 factors in the above-referenced "laundry list" plus two additional special factors. Whether all of this will help or hurt the spouse of a very high earner remains to be seen.
One might think that the impact of the new law will be minor because it covers interim support but not permanent support. Logically that should be the case. However, New York has a tradition that the temporary becomes the permanent. Again, time will tell.

Mr. Jeremy D. Morley is an international lawyer & advisor who is well-known for hague convention & international family law issues.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jeremy_D_Morley

How Long Are Divorce Proceedings Expected To Last?

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Learn How To Find The Best Family Attorney For Any Aspect Of Collaborative Law

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What the Role Is of a Family Law Advisor

If there are any minor or major issues within a family, they may need to receive family law advice and to help resolve the situation. It is not necessary to get support of lawyers in every domestic violence case, but it will be good to consult them in some instances. When compared with other legal fields, domestic violence or divorce cases tend to be much more peaceful and do not include as complicated laws as some other fields.
Usually, there are some typical divorce cases where people will need the help of a family law advisor such as dealing with child custody or in deciding where the alimony should be paid. If there are issues in a case and a couple is not able to solve it by themselves, then they may need to seek outside help. Prior to consulting any attorneys, you need to make sure that there are lawyers who have relevant experience and a proven track record with domestic cases or have handled similar cases before. However, if someone is on good terms with their ex-spouse, then there may not be any need for lawyers and things can be sorted out mutually. Actually, it is advised to have good relation with their spouse, so that their kids are not affected and they would not suffer any kind of emotional trauma.
The services of family law advisors are not limited just to helping a family that is splitting up but many family issues can be solved through their assistance. For example, if a couple is planning for an adoption, then they may need the support of an attorney as the process requires lot of paperwork. These attorneys can also implement stipulations on parents who are very abusive or not fit to look after children.
A family lawyer should also have the ability to prevent child abuse. There are many instances where young kids require legal assistance in terms of domestic violence or abused and it is the right for every child to live in a happy and loving family. These lawyers should then take the responsibility to search for the best family who can adopt them.
In retrospect, families will have disputes and many will be resolved quickly and mutually. However, there are some more serious cases that may need legal intervention from family law advisors to settle them effectively and to prevent the situation from worsening or happening again in the future.

Hawkins Law firm is located in the Snead Building in Arab, Alabama. Hawkins Law LLC assists individuals and businesses with a broad range of legal services including Litigation and Appellate Advocacy. For more information call now (256) 586-4510 or visit our website HawkinsLawLLC.com.

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Why Is It Important To Know Family Law?

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